Improvement in renderittj apparatus for fats, offal



, 5Shee ts--Sheet3.

A. BB'OADNAX.

Rendering Apparatus for Fat s, Offal, &G.

N 0.136;l29. I Patgnted Feb.25,1873.

- i I v AM. Mommas/willowMx(osaannsmocssg) v u y PATENT QFFICE.

AMOS nnonnmx, or Monr CLAIR, new Jansen IMPROVEMENT IN REI'QDERIME APPARATUS FOR FATS, OFFAL, ac.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 136,129, dated February 25, 1873.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1', Aims BROADNAX, of Mont Clair, in theeounty of Essex and State of New Jersey, doing business at 26 Broad street, inthe city of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvements in apparatus and. appurtenances thereunto appertainin g for rendering lard and tallow, and in treating animal matter and refuse or scrap from rendering tanks; and I do hereby declare the following to be such a full, clear, and exact description of my said improvements as will enable anyone skilled in the art to which theyappertain to make and practice the same, reference being had to the annexed drawing making part ofthis specification, in which the different improvements and modifications thereof are illustrated, the different plates and figures illustrating the different apparatus and parts of apparatus and machinery by which my said improvements are reduced to practice. My invention consists of certain improvements in apparatus for rendering lard and tallow, and for crispin g and drying the scrap'; in machinery appertaining thereto; incertain novel combinations-of furnace and machinery making part of the same; in certain novel methods of treating cooked animal niatter and the refuse of rendering-tanks, and in precipitating and fixing the ammonia con-1 tained therein;- of deodoriz'ing and drying said refuse and animal matter; in certain novel methods of deodori zing the 'gases and vapors set, free in the process; all of which improvements are fully embodied and illusa trated in the differenjt 'platesand figures of said drawing making parthereof, and which are more fully described in detail herein; each of the severaliniprojvements and parts tbereof that is to'say- The first and second of these improvements are embodied in the drawin g shown by Figure 1, Plate 1. This drawing shows a horizontal tubular boiler set in briek work over a reverberatory furnace, the boiler being entirely inclosed in a brick chamber over the furnace Theboiler is repr'esentedby A; the furnace by 13:; the brick cover of the furnace byG; theash pitby 1);; the steam'-drum of theboiler t nennesnom thefurnace to the boilerchamber by we. r The whole heat of the furmace passes-up through the flues' a an a, and

envelops the outside of the boiler, and passes off through the tubes H and in the chimney at c-that is, when the valve 0 is shut-the flue around the rear end of the boiler being closed by. the brick setting, as shown by dotted lines. By opening the valve 0' the heat escapes in the chimney, for the most part directly from the furnace, by which the evaporation of steam in the boiler is partially suspended and the pressure reduced. The ren dering-tank is shown by E, Fig; 2; the pipe leading to it from the boiler byI; and the pipe for theescape of the offensive gases and vapors leading to the reverberatory furnace is shown by G. This pipe, of which there are two branches, is not located in the furnace, but is set in the brick-work, one, branch on each side of the same, and is fitted with small jet-pipes arranged to throw the steam and gas over the fire from both sides of the furnace. The furnace is made in the form of an arch, with the flues leading from the bottom part thereof to the chamber, in which the boiler or apparatus is set. By this means great heat is concentratedand retained in the'furnace to consume the gases same time sufficient heat is obtained from the same fuel to generate or superheat the steam for rendering'the fat or drying the refuse or scrap." Of course almost any styleof steamboiler may be used, and it may be set over the furnace, or in connection with it, in vari ous ways, but the drawing illustrates a good practical method of embodying the first and second improvements aforesaid.

The third of my improvements is shown in Plate 2 of the drawing, which illustrates a longitudinal vertical section through an ordinary fire rendering-kettle, covered: with a spherical top fitted with a door, as shown by A. The kettle is set in brick over a reverberatory furnace,'shown by B. The kettle is fit ted with a pipe, shown byG,-leading:from the top thereof to the furnace, arranged to deliver the gas and vapor about at the surface of the fire; the fines from the furnace to the chimney being about opposite the delivering-nozzle of the gas-pipe, though it might deliver with more advantage; perhaps, near the v top of the furnace, above the door 1 and vapors, while at the I i Now, when the door A is shut, the steamand gas will fiowinthe furnace with a veloc ty-due V to the force generated'iu the kettle, but when the door A is open therewill be a draft through the door through'the'pip'e through the furnace into the chimney-the intense heat of the re- 'erberatory furnace consuming the"offensive gases and vapor as it passes on its wayto the chimney.- The form of the kettle may, of course, be changed, the style or form of the setting and furnace'ma-y'be modified, but the principleof this improvement has a good 'prac tical illustration in'this figure. The fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh of my improvements are shown in Plates 3 and 4. Y Plate 3, Fig. 1, isi a' longitudinal verticalsection through a" cylindrical digester or tank, horizontally arranged in a closed heatingchamber, over a reverberatory' furnace-said tank bein ghun g on trunnions to revolve about its own axis, and is fittedwith a stationary pipe to" draw off the steam and gas while in motion, and deliver it in the furnace, and with a perforated diaphragm-plate to facilitate the drawing 0E of the water and grease from the tank and refuse. Fig. 1, Plate 4, is a transversevertical section through this tank, furnace, heating-chamber,'and brick setting. Fig. 2; Plate 4,-i s a front elevation; and Fig; 3 of the same plate is a rear elevation of the apparatus'i The tank or .digester is shown by A, a receiving-aperture by B, and a dischargingaperture by. 0, both of which are fitted with the ordinary plates and mounting to make them steam-tight; The diaphragm-plate is shown by D,- into which a door, L, is made to facilitate the fitting of the stationary pipe E, arranged in the space between the end-of the tank and the diaphragm-plate. Thistank is hung upon hollow trunnions, through one of which the pipe E passes, and which is fitted with a 'stuifing-box-and gland of the ordinary construction to form steam and water tight jointsr The pipe Eis connected to a pipe, F, which discharges in the 'reverberatory furnace shown by I. The pipe itself is not located in the furnace,'but isiset'in-the brick-worka branch on each side of the-furnace-an'd is fittedwith'jet-pipes to discharge over the surface of the fire, as shown by Z Z Z. These pipes are, of course, fitted with the usual cocks to stop or regulate the flow of thesteam, gas, or "vapo'r'to'suit the'will o'f the' operator. The

tank is also fitted with small cocks a a to draw oifthe grease and water whenever that may benece'ssary-a leader being applied to these cocks-through the opening in thesetting left for that purpose, and closed with a sheet-iron cover, in the manner shown. The opposite end ofthe tank is also fitted with ahollow trunnion closedwith a screw-cap." To this trunnion 'a steam-pipe can be applied in case it be desirable: to reduce or render steam,- or dry therefuse; with superheated steam This trunnion is fitted with a cog- ;wheelpK, arranged to match in apinion-wheel, J fitted on the driving-shaft, to which the wer is. applied "to'rotate or turn the tank.

t The lheating-chamber, in which the tank or the material with from it'to the heating-chamber being made-in the foot'of the arch, the heat taking the course shown by the arrows around the apparatus to the chimneyO. This apparatus will render well while at rest, but better'in'motion. It will most thoroughly crisp or dry the refuse. The water and grease drains off through the diaphragm-plate with great facility, and the offensive gases and vapors are thoroughly consumed in the furnace, where an intense heat is concentrated without endangering the melting fat, while at the same time there is an abundance of heat to rapidly render the rough fat and dry or crisp the scrap or refuse.

The" eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth. thirteenth, fourteenthgand fifteenth of myfsaid improvements are embodied in the apparatus illustrated in Plate 5, Fig. 1. s

'In this drawing, A represents a steam-digester combined with a steam-tight receiver, B, into which can be drawn the entire co1itents of the tank, through the cook or valve F, after the rendering is completed'without exposure to the atmosphere. This tank is fitted with the usual mountings in such cases to introduce and draw out the fat, to'make and keep it tight, and a pipe, P, to introduce the steam. In a word, the tank is the ordinary steam rendering-tank, mounted upon a receiver to receive its contents. This receiver should be made long and broad,-but-rather shallow, that the contents. of the tank may spread out over as muchsurface as a proper regard for economy in space will allow. The receiver is fitted with a perforated false bottom shown by H, and is set upon a water-receiver shown by O, the receiver B being connected to the receiver 0 by means of a pipe, J, which should be fittedwith cocks of the ordinary variety to stop or open the communication' between the two receivers. The receiver B is also fitted with a valve, Q, at the end, which valve is made long enough to reach from the top to the bottom'of the tank, and arranged that itmay be shoved down and open the tank at the top, or shoved up that it may open it at the bottom, as. the case may require. I The receiver B is also fitted with-a pipe, 12, set over a steam-tight valve, h, to prevent or permit the escape of the steam andgas, as may be necessary. The said receiver is also fitted with a nozzle,E, in the bottom of which a valve, 2', is placed toprevent the escape of the offensive gases or vapors or to admit such chemicals as it may be desirable'tjo introduce in the receiver in the treatment of the refuse. he said receiver B is also fitted witha pipe, m, for the introduction of superheated steam to dry the refuse uponthe plan described in the patent granted tome for that purpose, dated: September 1, 1868. The receiver 0 is water, and also'with a cold-water pipe,--I,- to introduce a jet of cold water on-the steam vho phlet the receiverthrough the pipe J into the receiver G. The

moisture with it.

1 the, receiver up through 136,129 g i a '3 coming through the pipe J from: the receiver B. The receiver 0 is also fitted witha coil of I perforatedpipe, K,which is connectedthroug'li theagency of thepipes' aand '0, to the retort D, set overa furnace, S, in a water-jacket to generate chlorine gas in the ordinary way. This retort is also connected to the pipe n, in {vhich'a perforated nozzleis arranged, as shown y c. A I a The operation of thisapparatus is. asfollo'wsi l have ascertained that the'su'perliine will' precipitate and fix" the ammonia contained in thewater or soup of a rendering-tankythis ammonia, which is considerable 'or jinconsiderable as the animal matter treated is more or less decomposed; it isdesirable to save, while at the same time it is desirable to get rid-of the water, and that inofi'ensively, if possible. To. do this I charge the receiver B with superphosphate of lime through the nozzle E. I then draw in the receiver-the contents of the tank, The water slowlypercolates through the .false bottom into the superphosphate, which gradually throws down the ammonia in the bottom of .The water is then drawn ofl' chlorine gas is then turned on the pipe K and 'findsiits way up through, the water, through the pipe J into the receiver B, thus deodorizing both the water in the receiver Cand the refuse in the receiver B. A cock (not shown in the drawing) is now opened in the pipe L and the waste water drawn out through a filtercomposed of lime and sawdust, or simply lime, or lime and charcoal, or any suitable material. which will take the chlorine outrof the water and allow it to pass off inoffensively. I have now got the ammonia out of the water and thewater' drained out-of the refuse, and have also deodorized the refuse, which now remainsto be dried. This. is done by opening a cock in thespipe m leading tothe super heater, thus filling the. receiver with superheated steam or air, or both. To drythe refuse, the superheated steam charged with the water contained. in the refuse -must of course be allowed to escape and carry the it Provision is madefor this escape either throu' h the valve h in the pipe n, either withor withouta jet of chlorine from the nozzle cor through the pipe J in the receiverG, where it comes in contact with a spray of cold water fromthe pipe Land runs off through the filter. The superheated steamt is kept blowing in the refuse until the latter is thoroughly dried. The valves Q and h are then opened, which creates a draft or current i of air. from Q to h, and carries whatever offensive gas or vapor there may be remaining in the pipe n, in which it can be; deodorized with chlorine or other deodorizing or disinfecting-gas or vapor. The refuse is of course drawn out through the valve Q, along with what ammonia may be:

deposited under the; false bottom, thus angheat of the furnace,

menting the richness of the refuse as a fertilizer. I a y Having now described the nature and extent of myimprovements in machinery used in the art of rendering lard-or tallow, and of my improvements in treating animal matter so as to crisp the scrap, deodorize and dry the refuse, precipitate and fix the ammonia contained in'the soup or refuse, before exposing the same to the atmosphere, and so as to avoid all nuisance in such rendering or treatment, I claim as new herein and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. An arched.orreverberatory furnace and a steam-boiler or generator arranged so that the fire is prevented from direct contact with said boiler and in combination with a steam rendering apparatus, whereby sufficient heat to generate the steam of the; desired temperature is obtained in he boiler-chamber, and a hi ghheatfor the consumption of the gases-and vapors is obtained in the fire-chamber,-snbstantially as set forth. r 2.'A reverberatory furnace, made to concentrate and retain the heat and prevent the direct contact of the fire, as aforesaid, in combination with a rendering pan, kettle, 0'1 digesterfitted with a pipe arranged to deliver or draw the gas and vapor from the digester in said furnace by the draft of the chimney leading frozn said furnace, when said'rendering-kettle is opened or closed, as the case maybe, in the manner substantially asvdes cribed, and as shown in Plate 2 of the drawing.

3; A rotating rendering apparatus,,tank, or

digester combined with an arched or reverberatory furnace made to retain and concentrate the heat to consume or destroy the gas or vapor'set free inthe process, and at the same time tender or refine the lard or tallow, or crisp and dry the substantially as described, and as shown in Plates 3 and 4. of the draw mg. 7 v

4. A rotating rendering apparatus, tank, or

digester combined in a closed chamber in connection with an. arched.orreverberatory fur nace so as to envelop the whole tank inv the heat thereof for the more effectually and eco nomically cooking and drying the material treated, substantially as described and shown in Plates 3 and a.

5. A rotating rendering apparatus, tank, or

digesterset in a-chamber connected with a furnace and fitted with a stationary, pipe or pipes, by which the steam, gas,,or vapor can be drawn out as fast as liberated while the said tank, digester, or apparatus is in motion orat rest, as the case may be, or destroyed in the furnace, substantially as shown iii-Plates 3 and 4 of the drawing V 6. A rotating rendering apparatus, tank,:or digester fittedwith a perforated diaphragm plate or plates, bywhich the grease and water I can drain off the top of the scrap or refuse to the bottom of said apparatus without .be ng scraper refuse, by the dry I and consumed compelled to percolate down through the scrap or refuse, as heretofore, in the manner set forth, and as shown in Plates 3 and4 of the drawing.

7. A steam rendering apparatus, tank, or digester combined with or connected to a steam-tight receiver, into which the refuse-of the tank can be drawn, drained, deodorized, and dried without, exposing the same to the atmosphere, so as to create a nuisance, as heretofore, as shown in Plate 5 of the drawing.

8. Treating the soup or refuse, or-either of them, from a rendering, tank, apparatus, or digester or other sour animal matter, while in a closed receiver, with superphosphate of lime, for the purpose of precipitating and'fixingthe ammonia contained therein, substantially as described, and as shown in Plate 5 of the drawing.

9. Treating the refuse and soup, or either of them, from a rendering tank,apparatus, or digester, while in a closed receiver, with chlorine or other deodorizin g gas or vapor, for the V purpose of decomposing and deodorizing the offensive gases set free in the decomposition or treatment thereof to avoid making a nuisance, as set forth, substantially as described, and as shown in Plate 5 of the drawing.

10. Treating the refuse from a rendering apparatus or digester, while confined in a closed receiver in combination with said digester, with superheated steam or air, for the purpose of drying the same before exposing it to the open atmosphere, as set forth, and as shown in Plate 5 of the drawing, substantially.

11. A closed receiver to receive the refuse from a rendering tank, apparatus, or digester, and connected thereto, or to receive any other sour animal matter,fitted with a valve atone end and an escape-pipe at the other, so arranged with reference to each other as to create a draft or current from the valve to the pipe, by which the gases, if any, will be drawn up the pipe where the valve is open, as set forth, and as shown in Plate 5 of the drawing.

12. A closed receiver to receive the refuse or animal matter, as aforesaid, fitted with an escapepipe combined with a chlorine-gas pipe or a pipe to supply a jet of chlorine or other deodorizin g gas or vapor to deodorize the escaping gases while the refuse is under treatment, as shown and described, and as illustrated by Plate 5 of the drawing.

13. A closed receiver in connection with a rendering-tank to secure the refuse, &c., as aforesaid, fitted with a nozzle to supply the superphosphate of lime or other chemicals used in the treatment of said refuse, as afore said, substantially as described, and as shown in Plate 5 of the drawing.

14:. A closed receiver to receive the refuse oranimal matter, as aforesaid, combined with an apparatus to supply chlorine or other decomposing or deodorizing gas or gases to said receiver and its appurtenances to deodorize the water, refuse, or gas and vapor set free in the operation of said receiver.

AMOS BROADNAX.

Witnesses:

A. W. GREEN, G. W. ScoLLAu 

